Republički zavod za zaštitu kulturno-istorijskog i prirodnog nasljeđa RS, Banja Luka, Bosnia Herzegovina
Prilikom istraživanja ruderalne vegetacije Pala izdvojena je zajednica Onopordetum acanthii Br.-Bl. 1926. U radu je prikazan floristički sastav, ekološke i fitogeografske karakteristike ove asocijacije. Floristički sastav navedene fitocenoze čine 94 vrste od kojih edifikatorska vrsta Onopordum acanthium ostvaruje najveći stepen prisutnosti (V) i pokrovnost (2150). Analizom areal spektra zajednice utvrđena je dominacija vrsta širokih areala iz evroazijske grupe flornih elemenata, a od životnih formi hemikriptofita. Pri izgradnji zajednice u ekološkom pogledu dominiraju submezofite, neutrofilne, mezotrofne, mezotermne vrste i vrste koje se razvijaju u uslovima polusjenke i pune dnevne svjetlosti.
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