×
Home Current Archive Editorial board
Instructions for papers
For Authors Aim & Scope Contact
Original scientific article

A TWO – ECHELON INVENTORY MODEL FOR DETERIORATING ITEMS WITH RAMP – TYPE DEMANDS AND VARIABLE HOLDING COSTS

By
Prashant Sharma Orcid logo ,
Prashant Sharma

Department of Mathematics, School of Basic Science and Technology, IIMT University , Meerut, Uttar Pradesh , India

Birendra Kumar Chauhan Orcid logo ,
Birendra Kumar Chauhan

Department of Mathematics, School of basic Science and Technology, IIMT University , Meerut, Uttar Pradesh , India

Gajraj Singh Orcid logo
Gajraj Singh

School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University , Delhi , India

Abstract

It presents a dynamic model of inventory management of the deteriorating items with time-sensitive demand and variable holding costs. The model is used to solve the problem in industries where demand is seasonal or because of other external conditions, like weather or market conditions. A two-tier inventory model is implemented as a way of minimizing the overall costs through holding costs, production costs, and losses of deteriorating items. Demand rate is exponential as well as linear in terms of the rate of deterioration. The model can be used to address a wide range of real-life conditions, such as shortages, irregular deterioration rates, and production constraints. Mathematical equations are given to model the inventory levels, and they are solved via differential equations. The model is used by providing numerical illustrations of how the model is applied to the optimization of inventory and the minimization of costs under different conditions. The statistical analysis and sensitivity analysis are carried out to see how various parameters, including deterioration rate, production time, and setup costs, among others, affect the overall system performance. The findings show that the deterioration rates, setup, and production time are increasing to result in increased total costs and reduced optimal levels of inventory and cycle times. Findings are useful in industries with perishable products since proper inventory management is important. It is possible to include more realistic assumptions in the model, like the presence of many products and non-linear deterioration rates. This study will add value to inventory management techniques and develop partnerships among supply chain partners in order to overcome inventory degradation and quality loss.

References

1.
Barman D, Das B. Two-echelon supply chain inventory model with variable lead time and ramp-type demand for deterioration item under bi-level credit period. International Journal of Inventory Research. 2021;6(1):14-46.
2.
Pervin M, Roy S, Weber GE. A Two-echelon inventory model with stock-dependent demand and variable holding cost for deteriorating items. Numerical Algebra Control and Optimization. 2017;7(1).
3.
Kaushik J. An inventory model for deteriorating items with ramp type demand pattern: a stock-dependent approach. Cogent Business & Management. 2025 Dec 12;12(1):2442547.
4.
Karmakar B, Choudhury KD. Inventory models with ramp-type demand for deteriorating items with partial backlogging and time-varing holding cost. YUJOR. 2014 Jun 1;24(2):249-66.
5.
Hasan A, Kausar A, Verma M. An EOQ model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with ramp-type demand in a two-warehouse facility. International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics. 2021;11(2-3):115-58.

Citation

This is an open access article distributed under the  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC) License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 

Article metrics

Google scholar: See link

The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.