×
Home Current Archive Editorial board
News Contact
Original scientific article

CORRUPTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS

By
Yanan Fan ,
Yanan Fan

Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

Mohammad Heydari ,
Mohammad Heydari
Contact Mohammad Heydari

Business College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

Mahdiye Saeidi ,
Mahdiye Saeidi

Department of Tehran West, Iran, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Kin Keung Lai ,
Kin Keung Lai

International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China

Jiahui Yang ,
Jiahui Yang

Business College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

Xinyu Cai ,
Xinyu Cai

Business College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

Ying Chen
Ying Chen

Business College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

Abstract

The effects of corruption in urban development and urban affairs management in several south Asian countries are examined through a series of specific, distinctive, and provocative cases for which the data is more readily available. The stories and themes provide a starting point for analyzing corruption as a symptom and factor of underdevelopment, affecting efforts to use and allocate scarce resources for a higher quality of life in cities. It shows how corruption stifles imaginative and creative solutions to urban challenges while increasing future revenue sources. 3Ps has provided a chance for the public section to look at various funding expertise and options from the business sector to prepare the public infrastructure. On the other hand, governments in the source of budget limitations and other competing demands for state sources can’t supply each citizenry’s infrastructure. Besides, the private sector has been considered a better resource manager, and the government should concentrate on policymaking. Where P3s are put to fair use, the advantages are immense. Unfortunately, vulnerable to bribery. This is the case; whatever benefits 3P offers in reducing the urban infrastructure deficit may be eroded due to corruption, which could lead to an increase in construction or facility costs.’ rehabilitation. Secondly, a PPP process marred by corruption could lead to inferior construction substances. One of the fund’s big chunks will be diverted to the public officials’ bribing via the project company. Thirdly, a corrupt process could compromise officials’ integrity that has been charged with accountability for inspecting and approving construction works.

References

[{"id":4949,"citationNumber":"1","type":"journal-article","title":"Globalization and public administration","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Farazmand"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["1999"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":"509\u2013522"}]

[{"id":4950,"citationNumber":"2","type":"article-journal","title":"Public private partnerships and legitimacy","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Hodge"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006-12"]},"container-title":"University of New South Wales Law Journal Forum","volume":"12","issue":"2","page":"43\u201348"}]

[{"id":4951,"citationNumber":"3","type":"article-journal","title":"The market turn in EU governance\u2014the emergence of public\u2013private collaboration","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"U.","family":"M\u00f6rth"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2009"]},"container-title":"Governance","volume":"22","issue":"1","page":"99\u2013120"}]

[{"id":4952,"citationNumber":"4","type":"article-journal","title":"Towards a comprehensive understanding of public private partnerships for infrastructure development","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Y.H.","family":"Kwak"},{"given":"Y.","family":"Chih"},{"given":"C.W.","family":"Ibbs"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2009"]},"container-title":"California management review","volume":"51","issue":"2","page":"51\u201378"}]

[{"id":4953,"citationNumber":"5","type":"article-journal","title":"Public\u2010private partnerships: governance scheme or language game?","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Hodge"},{"given":"C.","family":"Greve"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2010"]},"container-title":"Australian journal of public administration","volume":"69","issue":null,"page":"8\u2013 22"}]

[{"id":4954,"citationNumber":"6","type":"article-journal","title":"Public\u2013private partnerships: an international performance review","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.A.","family":"Hodge"},{"given":"C.","family":"Greve"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2007"]},"container-title":"Public administration review","volume":"67","issue":"3","page":"545\u2013558"}]

[{"id":4955,"citationNumber":"7","type":"book","title":"You don't always get what you pay for: The economics of privatization","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Sclar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2001"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]

[{"id":4956,"citationNumber":"8","type":"journal-article","title":"Guidebook on promoting good governance in public-private partnership","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Baizakov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2008"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]

[{"id":4957,"citationNumber":"9","type":"chapter","title":"Administrative corruption","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.E.","family":"Caiden"},{"given":"N.J.","family":"Caiden"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2018"]},"container-title":"Classics of administrative ethics","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":"177\u2013190"}]

[{"id":4958,"citationNumber":"10","type":"journal-article","title":"Korruption","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"H.H.","family":"Arnim"},{"given":"R.","family":"Heiny"},{"given":"S.","family":"Ittner"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]

[{"id":4959,"citationNumber":"11","type":"book","title":"Public-private partnerships, government guarantees, and fiscal risk","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.B.","family":"Anderson"},{"given":"M.","family":"Petrie"},{"given":"M.M.","family":"Alier"},{"given":"M.M.","family":"Cangiano"},{"given":"M.R.","family":"Hemming"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]

[{"id":4960,"citationNumber":"12","type":"article-journal","title":"Corruption in Public-Private Partnerships, Incentives and Contract Incompleteness","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Iossa"},{"given":"D.","family":"Martimort"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2014"]},"container-title":"CESifo DICE Report","volume":"12","issue":"3","page":"14\u201316"}]

[{"id":4961,"citationNumber":"13","type":"article-journal","title":"Accuracy comparison of post-processed PPP and real-time absolute positioning techniques","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.M.","family":"Alkan"},{"given":"S.","family":"Erol"},{"given":"I.M.","family":"Ozulu"},{"given":"V.","family":"Ilci"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk","volume":"11","issue":"1","page":"178\u2013190"}]

[{"id":4962,"citationNumber":"14","type":"article-journal","title":"Multi-criteria decision making approaches for supplier evaluation and selection: A literature review","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Ho"},{"given":"X.","family":"Xu"},{"given":"P.K.","family":"Dey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2010"]},"container-title":"European Journal of operational research","volume":"202","issue":"1","page":"16\u201324"}]

[{"id":4963,"citationNumber":"15","type":"article-journal","title":"Application of decision-making techniques in supplier selection: A systematic review of literature","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Chai"},{"given":"J.N.","family":"Liu"},{"given":"E.W.","family":"Ngai"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2013"]},"container-title":"Expert systems with applications","volume":"40","issue":"10","page":"3872\u20133885"}]

[{"id":4964,"citationNumber":"16","type":"article-journal","title":"The total cost of logistics in supplier selection, under conditions of multiple sourcing, multiple criteria and capacity constraint","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"S.H.","family":"Ghodsypour"},{"given":"C.","family":"O\u2019brien"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2001"]},"container-title":"International journal of production economics","volume":"73","issue":"1","page":"15\u201327"}]

[{"id":4965,"citationNumber":"17","type":"article-journal","title":"A fuzzy approach for supplier evaluation and selection in supply chain management","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"C.T.","family":"Chen"},{"given":"C.T.","family":"Lin"},{"given":"S.F.","family":"Huang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006"]},"container-title":"International journal of production economics","volume":"102","issue":"2","page":"289\u2013301"}]

[{"id":4966,"citationNumber":"18","type":"article-journal","title":"An analysis of vendor selection systems and decisions","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.W.","family":"Dickson"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["1966"]},"container-title":"Journal of purchasing","volume":"2","issue":"1","page":"5\u201317"}]

[{"id":4967,"citationNumber":"19","type":"article-journal","title":"SMAA-2: Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis for group decision making","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"},{"given":"P.","family":"Salminen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2001"]},"container-title":"Operations research","volume":"49","issue":"3","page":"444\u2013454"}]

[{"id":4968,"citationNumber":"20","type":"article-journal","title":"SMAA-stochastic multi-objective acceptability analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"},{"given":"J.","family":"Hokkanen"},{"given":"P.","family":"Salminen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["1998"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"106","issue":"1","page":"137\u2013143"}]

[{"id":4969,"citationNumber":"21","type":"article-journal","title":"Locating a waste treatment facility by using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis with ordinal criteria","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"},{"given":"P.","family":"Salminen"},{"given":"J.","family":"Hokkanen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2002"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"142","issue":"2","page":"345\u2013356"}]

[{"id":4970,"citationNumber":"22","type":"article-journal","title":"A simulation-based test of stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis using achievement functions","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Durbach"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"170","issue":"3","page":"923\u2013934"}]

[{"id":4971,"citationNumber":"23","type":"article-journal","title":"Classifying efficient alternatives in SMAA using cross confidence factors","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"},{"given":"P.","family":"Salminen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"170","issue":"1","page":"228\u2013240"}]

[{"id":4972,"citationNumber":"24","type":"article-journal","title":"Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis using the data envelopment model","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"},{"given":"P.","family":"Salminen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006"]},"container-title":"European journal of operational research","volume":"170","issue":"1","page":"241\u2013252"}]

[{"id":4973,"citationNumber":"25","type":"article-journal","title":"Multivariate Gaussian criteria in SMAA","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"},{"given":"S.","family":"Makkonen"},{"given":"P.","family":"Salminen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"170","issue":"3","page":"957\u2013970"}]

[{"id":4974,"citationNumber":"26","type":"article-journal","title":"Two ways to handle dependent uncertainties in multi-criteria decision problems","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"},{"given":"S.","family":"Makkonen"},{"given":"P.","family":"Salminen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2009"]},"container-title":"Omega","volume":"37","issue":"1","page":"79\u201392"}]

[{"id":4975,"citationNumber":"27","type":"article-journal","title":"Implementing stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Tervonen"},{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2007"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"178","issue":"2","page":"500\u2013513"}]

[{"id":4976,"citationNumber":"28","type":"article-journal","title":"The smaa-promethee method","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Corrente"},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Figueira"},{"given":"S.","family":"Greco"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2014"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"239","issue":"2","page":"514\u2013522"}]

[{"id":4977,"citationNumber":"29","type":"article-journal","title":"Stochastic multi-objective acceptability analysis for the Choquet integral preference model and the scale construction problem","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Angilella"},{"given":"S.","family":"Corrente"},{"given":"S.","family":"Greco"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2015"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"240","issue":"1","page":"172\u2013182"}]

[{"id":4978,"citationNumber":"30","type":"article-journal","title":"Robust Ordinal Regression and Stochastic Multi-objective Acceptability Analysis in multiple criteria hierarchy process for the Choquet integral preference model","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Angilella"},{"given":"S.","family":"Corrente"},{"given":"S.","family":"Greco"},{"given":"R.","family":"S\u0142owi\u0144ski"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2016"]},"container-title":"Omega","volume":"63","issue":null,"page":"154\u2013169"}]

[{"id":4979,"citationNumber":"31","type":"article-journal","title":"Multicriteria supplier selection using acceptability analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Q.","family":"Zhang"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"J.","family":"Yen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2019"]},"container-title":"Advances in Mechanical Engineering","volume":"11","issue":"10","page":"1687814019883716"}]

[{"id":4980,"citationNumber":"32","type":"article-journal","title":"On the estimation of a satisficing model of choice using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Durbach"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2009"]},"container-title":"Omega","volume":"37","issue":"3","page":"497\u2013509"}]

[{"id":4981,"citationNumber":"33","type":"article-journal","title":"A survey on stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis methods","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Tervonen"},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Figueira"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2008"]},"container-title":"Journal of Multi\u2010Criteria Decision Analysis","volume":"15","issue":"1\u20102","page":"1\u201314"}]

[{"id":4982,"citationNumber":"34","type":"article-journal","title":"Mutual funds performance appraisal using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Babalos"},{"given":"N.","family":"Philippas"},{"given":"M.","family":"Doumpos"},{"given":"C.","family":"Zopounidis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2012"]},"container-title":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"218","issue":"9","page":"5693\u20135703"}]

[{"id":4983,"citationNumber":"35","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis and modeling of corruption among entrepreneurs","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"},{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Yuxi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"REICE: Revista Electr\u00f3nica de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas","volume":"8","issue":"16","page":"262\u2013311"}]

[{"id":4984,"citationNumber":"36","type":"article-journal","title":"The Effect Employee Commitment on Service Performance through a Mediating Function of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Using Servqual and Collaborative Filtering Modeling: Evidence From China\u2019s Hospitality Industry","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.D.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2019"]},"container-title":"J. Tour. Hosp","volume":"8","issue":null,"page":"2167\u20130269"}]

[{"id":4985,"citationNumber":"37","type":"book","title":"Risk Management in Public-Private Partnerships","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]

[{"id":4986,"citationNumber":"38","type":"book","title":"Corruption, Infrastructure Management and Public\u2013Private Partnership: Optimizing through Mathematical Models","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2021"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]

[{"id":4987,"citationNumber":"39","type":"article-journal","title":"Entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour as the creation of business: based on the theory of planned behaviour extension evidence from Polish universities and entrepreneurs","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"},{"given":"L.K.","family":"Keung"},{"given":"Y.","family":"Shang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"Prop\u00f3sitos y representaciones","volume":"8","issue":"2","page":"46"}]

[{"id":4988,"citationNumber":"40","type":"article-journal","title":"Social-Psychology and Situational Elements Affecting Individual Social Behavior","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"S.B.","family":"Wang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2019"]},"container-title":"J Hotel Bus Manage","volume":"8","issue":"196","page":"2169\u20130286"}]

[{"id":4989,"citationNumber":"41","type":"article-journal","title":"EVALUATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE STRATEGIES","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Yuxi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"Proceedings of National Aviation University","volume":"82","issue":"1","page":null}]

[{"id":4990,"citationNumber":"42","type":"article-journal","title":"How Might Entrepreneurial Activities Affect Behaviour and Emotions?","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Yuxi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2021"]},"container-title":"Proceedings of the National Aviation University","volume":"87","issue":"2","page":"65\u201377"}]

[{"id":4991,"citationNumber":"43","type":"article-journal","title":"Entrepreneurship Process As The Creation Of Business By Engaging Family Members: Based On The Perceived Emotion","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"},{"given":"M.","family":"Saeidi"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Yuxi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"REICE: Revista Electr\u00f3nica de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas","volume":"8","issue":"15","page":"210\u2013241"}]

[{"id":4992,"citationNumber":"44","type":"article-journal","title":"Entrepreneurial Cognition and effect on Neuro entrepreneurship","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"},{"given":"M.","family":"Saeidi"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Yuxi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"Gelpat Caderno Suplementar","volume":"3","issue":null,"page":null}]

[{"id":4993,"citationNumber":"45","type":"article-journal","title":"Analysis of the role of social support-cognitive psychology and emotional process approach","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Heydari"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Xiaohu"},{"given":"M.","family":"Saeidi"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Y.","family":"Shang"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Yuxi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Translational Myology","volume":"30","issue":"3","page":null}]

[{"id":4994,"citationNumber":"46","type":"thesis","title":"A Cognitive Basis Perceived Corruption and Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurial Intention","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Heydari"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2021"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]

[{"id":4995,"citationNumber":"47","type":"article-journal","title":"SMAA-PO: project portfolio optimization problems based on stochastic multicriteriasz acceptability analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Yang"},{"given":"S.","family":"Song"},{"given":"W.","family":"Huang"},{"given":"Q.","family":"Xia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2015"]},"container-title":"Annals of Operations Research","volume":"233","issue":"1","page":"535\u2013547"}]

[{"id":4996,"citationNumber":"48","type":"article-journal","title":"Ranking DMUs by using interval DEA cross efficiency matrix with acceptability analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Yang"},{"given":"S.","family":"Ang"},{"given":"Q.","family":"Xia"},{"given":"C.","family":"Yang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2012"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"223","issue":"2","page":"483\u2013488"}]

[{"id":4997,"citationNumber":"49","type":"article-journal","title":"An efficient and simple model for multiple criteria supplier selection problem","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"W.L.","family":"Ng"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2008"]},"container-title":"European journal of operational research","volume":"186","issue":"3","page":"1059\u20131067"}]

[{"id":4998,"citationNumber":"50","type":"article-journal","title":"Decision quality using ranked attribute weights","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"F.H.","family":"Barron"},{"given":"B.E.","family":"Barrett"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["1996"]},"container-title":"Management science","volume":"42","issue":"11","page":"1515\u20131523"}]

[{"id":4999,"citationNumber":"51","type":"article-journal","title":"Supplier selection with multiple criteria in volume discount environments","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Xia"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Wu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2007"]},"container-title":"Omega","volume":"35","issue":"5","page":"494\u2013504"}]

[{"id":5000,"citationNumber":"52","type":"article-journal","title":"JSMAA: open source software for SMAA computations","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Tervonen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2014"]},"container-title":"International Journal of Systems Science","volume":"45","issue":"1","page":"69\u201381"}]

[{"id":5001,"citationNumber":"53","type":"article-journal","title":"Modelling uncertainty in stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"I.N.","family":"Durbach"},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Calder"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2016"]},"container-title":"Omega","volume":"64","issue":null,"page":"13\u201323"}]

[{"id":5002,"citationNumber":"54","type":"chapter","title":"Schwarze L\u00f6cher der Verantwortung: Korruption\u2014Die negative Variante von Public-Private Partnership","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"B.P.","family":"Priddat"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2005"]},"container-title":"Korruption","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":"85\u2013101"}]

[{"id":5003,"citationNumber":"55","type":"article-journal","title":"Law enforcement, malfeasance, and compensation of enforcers","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.S.","family":"Becker"},{"given":"G.J.","family":"Stigler"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["1974"]},"container-title":"The Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"3","issue":"1","page":"1\u201318"}]

[{"id":5004,"citationNumber":"56","type":"article-journal","title":"The use of the SMAA acceptability index in descriptive decision analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"I.N.","family":"Durbach"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2009"]},"container-title":"European Journal of Operational Research","volume":"196","issue":"3","page":"1229\u20131237"}]

[{"id":5005,"citationNumber":"57","type":"article-journal","title":"Underestimating costs in public works projects: Error or lie?","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Flyvbjerg"},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Holm"},{"given":"S.","family":"Buhl"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2002"]},"container-title":"Journal of the American planning association","volume":"68","issue":"3","page":"279\u2013295"}]

[{"id":5006,"citationNumber":"58","type":"article-journal","title":"Using SMAA-2 method with dependent uncertainties for strategic forest planning","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"A.S.","family":"Kangas"},{"given":"J.","family":"Kangas"},{"given":"R.","family":"Lahdelma"},{"given":"P.","family":"Salminen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2006"]},"container-title":"Forest policy and economics","volume":"9","issue":"2","page":"113\u2013125"}]

[{"id":5007,"citationNumber":"59","type":"article-journal","title":"Public\/private sector infrastructure arrangements","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Peirson"},{"given":"P.","family":"McBride"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["1996"]},"container-title":"CPA communique","volume":"73","issue":null,"page":"1\u20134"}]

[{"id":5008,"citationNumber":"60","type":"article-journal","title":"Public Private Partnership im \u201eaktivierenden Staat \u201c","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Sack"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2004"]},"container-title":"In vhw Forum Wohneigentum. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Wohneigentum in der Stadtentwicklung und Immobilienwirtschaft","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":"285\u2013288"}]

[{"id":5009,"citationNumber":"61","type":"article-journal","title":"Conceptualizing corruption in public private partnerships","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"R.M.","family":"Schomaker"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"Public Organization Review","volume":"20","issue":"4","page":"807\u2013820"}]

[{"id":5010,"citationNumber":"62","type":"paper-conference","title":"Project Selection via Stochastic Multi-criteria Acceptability Analysis","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"B.W.P.","family":"Sze"},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Lai"},{"given":"Y.","family":"Fu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2016"]},"container-title":"Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering and Management Systems Conference","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]

Citation

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 

Article metrics

Google scholar: See link

The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.