Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
This paper explores the mediation effect of risk perception between demographic characteristics and motorized vehicle users' driving behavior in Indonesia. Driving behavior was evaluated on three categories: violation, error and lapse. A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis, which was carried out on 353 respondents who were selected using purposive sampling. The reliability and validity of constructs were tested through measurement model analyses, and the results showed the reliability and validity of the constructs met the criteria with Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability above 0.70 and AVE value above 0.50. Results of the structural models showed that age was a significant factor in reducing errors (β = -0.712) and violations (β = -0.729) while education was a positive factor for risk perception (β = 0.714) and unsafe behaviors (errors β = -0.350, violations β = -0.372). Lapses and risk perception were affected to a lesser extent by gender (β = 0.163; β = 0.182). Interestingly, errors (β = 0.247) and violations (β = 0.266) were positively related to risk perception, which is consistent with the Risk Homeostasis Theory that overconfidence or perceived attributes of “safety” may lead to increased risk taking. The model was a good predictor of perception (Adjusted R² = 0.640; Q²predict = 0.639), violation behavior (Adjusted R² = 0.536; Q²predict = 0.510), and errors (Adjusted R² = 0.509; Q²predict = 0.487), and a moderate predictor of lapses (Adjusted R² = 0.093; Q²predict = 0.088). The findings underscore the need for more specific interventions that involve education, experiential training, and enforcement measures to help curb unsafe driving behaviors. Development of program adaptations based on demographic features can improve the effectiveness of programs and can be used by policy makers for creating culturally responsive traffic safety programs in Indonesia.
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